The Biofuels Country Report for Thailand (2010) was recently released by the Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Foreign Agricultural Service. The report shows that molasses and tapioca-starch are the top feedstocks for ethanol production in Thailand. In 2009, Thailand's total ethanol production was 400.7 million liters or 1.1 million liters per day. Molasses accounts for 60% to 70% of the feedstock for ethanol production, while tapioca starch accounts for 20% to 30%. An increase in the number of tapioca-based ethanol production plants was observed. Other highlights of the GAIN report are: (1) the main feedstock for Thailand's biodiesel (B100) production is palm-oil based: crude palm oil (CPO), refined bleached deodorized (RBD) palm oil, and palm stearin; B100 production is solely determined by domestic demand for blended biodiesel, i.e. B2, B3 and B5, (2) In addition to support for transport biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel), Thailand also supports other forms of biofuels: biogas (often at the farm level) for domestic cooking and direct combustion of biomass (biomass energy) for power generation. Biomass sources for power generation by direct combustion include bagasse from sugar mills, paddy husk from rice mills, woodchips from paper factories, and empty palm bunches from palm oil crushing mills, (3) Thailand's Alternative Energy Development Plan (2008-2022) has 3 phases: (a) the short term phase from 2008 to 2011, will focus on promotion of commercial alternative energy technology from high potential energy sources including biofuels, biomass, and biogas; (b) the medium term from 2012 to 2016 will focus on development of alternative energy technology industry, encourage new alternative energy R&D, and introduction of the "Green City" model, to help communities move toward energy self-sufficiency through sustainable development; (c) the long term phase from 2017 to 2022 will focus on enhancing utilization of new available alternative energy technology, i.e. hydrogen, bio hydrogenated (BHD), and extension of the green city models throughout the country and other ASEAN countries. The full report can be accessed at the USDA-GAIN website (URL above).