A recent paper by Thomas Hertel of Purdue University, and co-authored by scientists from the University of California, Berkeley (United States) shows an analysis of how the mandated increases in maize (corn)-ethanol production in the United States "will trigger land-use changes domestically and elsewhere". A land use change scenario in this case is when farmers convert additional land to biofuel crops (i.e. maize). The paper is published in the March 2010 issue of the Bioscience journal. According to the journal press release, "The analysis combines ecological data with a global economic commodity and trade model to project the effects of US maize ethanol production on carbon dioxide emissions resulting from land-use changes in 18 regions across the globe". The researchers found that if "market-mediated response and by-product use" are factored into the analysis, cropland conversion is reduced by 72% from the land used by the ethanol feedstock. This would translate to a GHG (greenhouse gas) emission of 800 grams of carbon dioxide per Megajoule. The study concludes that this value would be enough to cancel out the benefits of corn ethanol on global warming. The full paper can be accessed from the AIBS (American Institute of Biological Sciences) Bioscience journal website (URL above)..