
Scientists from Vilnius University Reveal a Unique Method to Silence Genes
November 13, 2024 |
Scientists from Vilnius University's Life Sciences Centre (VU LSC) have revealed a new way to silence genes without cutting DNA. The study, published in Nature Communications, showed a unique gene silencing mechanism similar to pressing a “pause” button on certain genetic instructions within cells.
The newly studied type IV-A CRISPR system silences genes without cutting them, unlike the CRISPR gene editing system which is often described as molecular scissors. This system uses an RNA-guided effector complex to recruit an enzyme called DinG, which moves along DNA to suppress specific genes.
“The system uses two proteins (Cas8 and Cas5) to find a very short sequence motif adjacent to the RNA guide's complementary target DNA. Once both proteins recognize this short sequence, they melt the double-stranded DNA for target sequence interrogation,” explains Prof. P. Pausch from Vilnius University. The researcher said that the formation of R loops signaling the system to initiate gene silencing is a critical component of the process.
“The ‘R' in R-loop stands for RNA. All DNA-binding CRISPR-Cas systems use this structure to probe the DNA sequence and identify the correct target site. Stable R-loops only form in the presence of a DNA sequence that sufficiently matches the guide RNA. The R-loop essentially tells the system when it's appropriate to start silencing a gene,” said Prof. Pausch.
Prof. Pausch explained that the DinG enzyme boosts gene suppression by unwinding the DNA strands, enabling the system to extend its effect over a longer DNA sequence. The researchers said that this system could eventually enable safer gene modifications, showing promise for more precise tools for research and biotechnology.
For more information, read the article from Vilnius University.
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