CAS Scientists Identify Braking Mechanism for Seed Oil Control in Soybean

Researchers led by Prof. ZHANG Jinsong from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have uncovered a brake gene for oil control in soybeans. Their study, published in Plant Biotechnology Journal, reveals a novel molecular network that regulates multi-dimensional regulation to explain natural variation in soybean oil content, and deepens the understanding of the connections among different oil regulators.

The molecular network, GmERFA-GmNFYA-GmbZIP123/GmZF392, regulates oil content in soybeans and controls the allocation of energy substances such as sugars, oils, and proteins during seed development. The study found two main regulators within this network. The first is GmNFYA, a positive regulator that activates genes that enhance sugar metabolism and oil biosynthesis. The second is GmERFA, a negative regulator that suppresses oil biosynthesis by inhibiting the expression of genes activated by GmNFYA. It acts as a "braking mechanism" during the later stages of seed development, signaling the transition to maturation.

The research team used gene editing technology to target GmERFA, resulting in soybeans with larger, heavier seeds and higher oil content, confirming its role as a negative regulator. The researchers suggest that GmERFA and other factors could be key targets for breeding new soybean varieties with a desired balance of oil and protein content to meet the projected global demand for vegetable oil.

For more details, read the article in the Chinese Academy of Sciences Newsroom.