Experts Urge EU to Allow NGTs in Organic Farming

Experts from the University of Bayreuth in Germany and partners are calling on the European Union (EU) to allow the use of New Genomic Techniques (NGTs), also known as gene editing, in organic and conventional food production without pre-market authorization. In an opinion paper published in Cell Reports Sustainability, the authors argue that NGTs can help develop climate-resilient crops, boost yields, and reduce fertilizer and pesticide use.

As part of the EU's sustainability goals, the EU aims to expand organic farming to 25% of its agricultural land by 2030. However, organic farming generally produces lower yields than conventional farming. Studies suggest that this target may not be achievable if NGTs remain banned from organic farming. Under the EU Organic Production Regulation 2018/848, NGTs are classified as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and are prohibited in organic farming.

The authors say that adopting regulations that allow the use of NGTs in organic farming could make organic agriculture both more effective and scientifically grounded. The authors propose two types of organic production: one that allows NGTs and one that does not. This system would be more practical in regulating both options under a single EU-wide system. While creating two regulated labeled schemes is technically possible, it raises challenges in identification and traceability.

With the ongoing debate over NGTs in organic farming, the authors emphasize the need for open and inclusive discussions among farmers, consumers, scientists, and policymakers. Local efforts, such as the EC's Organic Production Action Plan, could help create practical solutions that fit different regional needs and help build wider acceptance of organic and NGT farming across the EU.

For more information, read the Commentary on Cell Reports Sustainability.