Another report from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) presents some insights into how agriculture and crop research can be geared within the bioenergy framework: crop improvement and sustainable crop management. Research on cellulose-based non-food biofuel feedstocks are seen as a way to mitigate the “food or fuel” dilemma associated with sugarcane or corn feedstocks. The report identified alternative crop species with potential for biofuel production in Asia (Jatropha, Neem, Pongamia), North America (switchgrass) and Europe (silver grass, banner grass, etc). For the utilization of agricultural residues like corn stover or rice straw, sustainable collection of these residues are seen as important for reducing negative impacts associated with residue removal: soil erosion, nutrient depletion and reduced crop productivity. With regard to institutional arrangements for biofuel research, mentions that “upstream academic organizations” are best suited to handle basic crop research, while “trait-based mining of genetic resources would be an appropriate niche for public genebanks”. While there are incentives for private investment in cultivar development for biofuel production, there may be a possibility that intellectual property protection mechanisms can lock enabling technologies. On the other hand, new opportunities public-private sector partnerships could also bloom from development of new biofuel cultivars..