Corn stover is an agricultural residue with biofuel potential; for example, as feedstock for ethanol production. However, according to this scientific article, collection of corn stover for such uses must be sustainable. Excessive residue removal can lead to: (1) an increase in soil erosion, (2) reduction in crop productivity and (3) depletion of soil carbon and nutrients. This paper attempted to analyze and estimate the location/quantity/costs of corn stover that could be sustainably collected in the United States. Soil carbon loss potential, however, was not considered in the analysis. The analysis showed that for a corn grain production of 196 million Mg (undercurrent farming practices), about 30% of the 196 million Mg corn stover residue could be sustainably collected at $33/Mg. Three regions in the United States, namely, Central Illinois, Northern Iowa/Southern Minnesota and along the Platte River in Nebraska were identified to produce sufficient corn stover for large scale bioenergy production..