A recent paper by Alessandro Waclawosky from the Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (Brazil) and co-scientists from the Hawaii Agriculture Research Center (United States) reviewed some studies of "sugarcane genes associated with sucrose content, biomass and cell wall metabolism and the preliminary physiological characterization of cultivars that contrast for sugar and biomass yield". In many countries, sugarcane has been eyed as a potential feedstock for biofuel ethanol. It possesses many attributes of a good biofuel feedstock among which are: good yields, low agricultural inputs, and good carbon, as well as energy balance. The lignocellulosic residues (stalks, leaves) after harvest are also potential raw materials for cellulose-ethanol (a "second generation" biofuel ethanol). The review covers the theoretical yield potential of sugarcane, breeding of sugarcane, molecular resources for sugarcane improvement, physiology/regulation of sucrose accumulation, molecular biology studies targeting the sugarcane cell wall, and future prospects. The paper is published in the Plant Biotechnology Journal (URL above)..