In their paper published in the Environmental Science and Technology journal, scientists from the University of Minnesota (United States) report that the adverse impact of bioethanol production on water supply is bigger than previously thought. Their study indicates that water consumption for every gallon of corn-based ethanol (in the United States) could be about 3 times higher than earlier estimates. Ethanol production from saccharine, starchy or cellulosic feedstocks consumes large quantities of water. Previous estimates put the water requirement (per gallon of corn-ethanol produced) at 263 gallons to 784 gallons from the farm to the fuel pump. But according to the new study, the earlier estimates "failed to account for widely varied regional irrigation practices." New estimates put the water requirement at 5 liters to 2,138 liters per gallon of corn-ethanol produced, depending on regional irrigation practices. According to the journal article, the study "highlights the need to strategically promote ethanol development in the States with lower irrigation rates and with less fossil groundwater use.".