News and Trends

http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/the-tech-awards-honor-five-global-innovators-with-250000,620293.shtml
https://www.cheetah.org/?nd=38
http://biopact.com/2008/11/bioenergy-projects-win-big-environment.html

The Biomass Energy Project of the Cheetah Conservation Fund (CCF) (a Namibia-based international NGO with charity status) was awarded the 2008 Intel Environment Award. In an attempt to develop an  “ecologically sound and economically viable habitat improvement program”, the CCF looked into the viability of an income generating initiative which utilizes an invasive African thorn bush as a resource. It came up with a biomass project which uses a technology  to convert this invasive African thorn bush into clean biomass fuel. In so doing, the habitats of cheetahs and other wildlife species that have been threatened by the bush are saved. The biomass processing plant of the “Bush Project” uses a “high-pressure extrusion process” to convert the bush into a clean and economically viable alternative to firewood and charcoal. Aside from ensuring the survival of the cheetah and its ecosystem, the project provides income-generating opportunities for self-employed entrepreneurs in Namibia..


http://unfccc.int/files/press/news_room/press_releases_and_advisories/application/pdf/081117_ghg_press_release.pdf
http://unfccc.int/press/items/2794.php
http://biopact.com/2008/11/unfccc-emissions-in-industrialized.html

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Executive Secretary, Yvo de Boer, recently gave a press briefing on the highlights of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Data for 2008. The emissions data are from 41 industrialized countries that have GHG reporting obligations. Given the recent trends in GHG emissions, Mr. Boer also mentioned about the tasks that need to be addressed in the upcoming UN Climate Change Conference in Poznan, Poland (1-12 December 2008). The 2008 emissions data report shows that the GHG emissions (from the 41 industrialized countries) in 2006, was 5% below the 1990 levels. However, between the year 2000 and 2006, a disturbing rise in emissions (by 2.3%) was observed. For countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the 2006 GHG emissions were 17% below the “Kyoto baseline”. Canada was reported to have one of the highest increases in GHG emissions in 2006 (21.3%). According to Executive Secretary Boer, the rising emissions “underscore urgent need for political action on climate change. This is an important issue which needs to be discussed at the upcoming UN Climate Change Conference in Poznan.".


http://www.iea.org/weo/docs/weo2008/fact_sheets_08.pdf
http://seekingalpha.com/article/105842-the-iea-annual-report-a-dire-picture-of-energy-supply-and-demand?source=feed
http://www.iea.org/weo/docs/weo2008/fact_sheets_08.pdf

The annual World Energy Outlook (WEO) report of the International Energy Agency (IEA) is said to be “the world’s most authoritative source of global energy trends.”  The 2008 edition provides a full update of energy projections to 2030, as well as a comprehensive analysis on climate change scenarios after 2012, oil/gas supply prospects and “energy poverty in resource rich Sub-Saharan African countries. Among the highlights in global trends (as mentioned in the WEO 2008 Fact Sheet) (URL above) are: (1) There will be a slow growth in energy use till 2030, with a “persistent dominance of fossil fuels”, and continued rise in carbon dioxide emissions. (2) World energy demand expansion between 2006 to 2030 is about 45% with an average rate of growth of 1.6% per year, under a “Reference Scenario” of no new government policies beyond those already adopted by mid-2008. (3) More than 50% of incremental global energy demand to 2030 will be from China and India; the Middle East will become an emerging energy demand center, comprising about 11% of incremental global energy demand. (4) Energy related emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases “will inexorably rise, pushing up the average global temperature by 6oC in the long term” and,  5) Modern renewable energy technologies will be the second major source of electricity, next to coal after 2010. More information about the WEO 2008 can be obtained at the IEA website (URL above)..

Energy Crops and Feedstocks for Biofuels Production

http://www.cleantech.com/news/3824/china-ethanol-maker-gets-approval-cassava-fueled-plant

Following a policy shift toward the use of non-grain feedstocks for ethanol production, China-based Hainan Yedao Group recently obtained an inspection approval for its cassava ethanol production plant. The 100,000-ton ethanol production facility is located in Haikou, in the southern islands of China. The Haikou plant will also be producing 20,000 tons of (compressed) carbon dioxide per year as a by-product. The Beijing government is reported to have recently banned the use of grain-based feedstocks (such as corn) for bioethanol production amid concerns that these feedstocks might have a negative impact on food supplies. Cassava, being a vegetable crop, avoids the ban..

Biofuels Processing

http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/154/11/3319
(Full access to above journal may require paid subscription)
http://biopact.com/2008/11/unique-rainforest-fungus-makes-bio.html

Scientists from Montana State University (United States) have reported a study of a fungus which produces volatile hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons that are commonly found in diesel fuel. The organism, called Gliocladium roseum, has been described as a “genetically atypical” fungus which can produce “a wide range of hydrocarbons under conditions of limited oxygen on both oatmeal agar and a pure cellulose-based agar." The researchers reported that some compounds in the hydrocarbon profile of the fungus are normally associated with diesel fuel, and they dubbed the volatiles of this fungus as “myco-diesel"’. According to Professor Gary Strobel, of the Department of Plant Sciences (Montana State University), “This is the only organism that has ever been shown to produce such an important combination of fuel substances. The fungus can even make these diesel compounds from cellulose, which would make it a better source of biofuel than anything we use at the moment”. Their findings are published in a recent issue of the magazine, Microbiology (URL above)..

Biofuels Policy and Economics

http://www.globalsubsidies.org/files/assets/China_Biofuels_Subsidies.pdf
http://biopact.com/2008/11/gsi-report-chinas-biofuel-subsidies.html

A country report released by the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) of the International Institute for Sustainable Development gives an analysis of the types and magnitude of support for biofuels production in China. Like in many countries, the promotion of large-scale biofuel production in China is backed up by some financial support (i.e. subsidies). Among the highlights of the report are: (1) China provided an equivalent of US$115 million in biofuels support for ethanol in 2006, in the form of direct output-linked subsidies paid to licensed producers, tax exemptions, low-interest loans for capital investment, and mandates for compulsory ethanol blending. (2) There is no current available subsidy for biodiesel in China, but it may likely be introduced before 2010. (3) Realizing the inherent conflict between grain-based (example, corn-based) biofuels production in China, the government responded by “halting the construction of new maize-based ethanol plants and promulgating policies to encourage the production of biofuels from non-grain feedstocks grown on marginal land."  (4) “Subsidies for growing biofuel feedstocks on marginal land are higher than subsidies for setting aside such land for environmental purposes, encouraging cultivation of conservation areas”.

The report also made recommendations for the (1) elimination of direct production-linked subsidies for fuel ethanol production with no introduction of direct subsidies for biodiesel production, and (2) government support for biofuel demonstration projects that are limited to those that do not compete with food supply, and those that encourage genuinely non-food-based feedstock (i.e. lignocellulosic biomasss). The complete report can be accessed at  the URL above.


http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/0F3E526FF7814A7E852575040063B300
http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=12110

The “Renewable Fuels Standard” (RFS) in the United States, is a program under the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The program requires the blending of renewable fuels into the country’s motor-vehicle fuel supply. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has been given the responsibility for “revising and implementing regulations to ensure that gasoline sold in the United States contains a minimum volume of renewable fuel”. The program requires a yearly increase in the use of renewable fuels (for example, biofuels) through 2012. In order to keep up with the targets established by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, the USEPA has set the 2009 RFS to 10.21%. This means that gasoline refiners and importers are mandated to displace 10.21% of their gasoline with renewable fuels. This would guarantee the sale of 11.1 billion gallons of renewable fuel in 2009. In 2008, the RFS was 7.76%, equivalent to 9 billion gallons of renewable fuel blended into gasoline.

Related Information on Renewable Fuel Standard: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/renewablefuels/index.htm