The Australian Government has recently announced the opening of competitive grants, called the “Second Generation Biofuels Research and Development Program (Gen 2)”. “Second Generation” biofuels are those that are produced from non-food sources, like lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol and non-edible seed oils for biodiesel. The grants, ranging from $1 million to $5 million are open to projects “involving the production of second generation biofuels in a sustainable manner.” Among the criteria for grant selection are: (1) “the ability of the project to contribute to the development of second generation technology and/or feedstocks which will support the development of a more sustainable and commercially viable biofuels industry in Australia,” and (2) “the ability of the project to develop new technologies and processes that will lead to significantly greater environmental and emissions benefits than currently utilised biofuel technologies and processes.".